Here is more from the findings of conservative American Enterprise Institute (AEI):
Executive Summary
Large-language models (LLMs) increasingly inform policy research. We asked 5 flagship LLMs from leading AI companies in 2025 (OpenAI, Google, Anthropic, xAI, and DeepSeek) to rate 26 prominent U.S. think tanks on 12 criteria spanning research integrity, institutional character, and public engagement. Their explanations and ratings expose a clear ideological tilt.
Key findings
- Consistent ranking. Center-left tanks top the table (3.9 of 5), left and center-right tie (3.4 and 3.4), and right trails (2.8); this order persists through multiple models, measures, and setting changes.
- Overall: Across twelve evaluation criteria, center-left think tanks outscore right-leaning ones by 1.1 points (3.9 vs. 2.8).
- Core measures. On the three headline criteria of Moral Integrity, Objectivity, and Research Quality, center-left think tanks outscore right-leaning ones by 1.6 points on Objectivity (3.4 vs. 1.8), 1.4 points on Research Quality (4.4 vs. 3), and 1 point on Moral Integrity (3.8 vs. 2.8)
- Language mirrors numbers. Sentiment analysis finds more positive wording in responses for left-of-center think tanks than for right-leaning peers.
- Shared hierarchy. High rating correlations across providers indicate the differences originate in underlying model behavior, not individual companies, user data, or web retrieval.
The 26 think tanks rated were: America First Policy Institute (AFPI), AEI, Brookings Institution, Cato Institute, Center for American Progress (CAP), Center for Economic and Policy Research (CEPR), Center on Budget and Policy Priorities (CBPP), Claremont Institute, Demos, Economic Policy Institute (EPI), Groundwork Collaborative, Heritage Foundation, Hoover Institution, Hudson Institute, Institute for Policy Studies (IPS), Manhattan Institute, Mercatus Center, Mises Institute, New America, R Street Institute, Reason Foundation, Roosevelt Institute, Tax Foundation, Terner Center for Housing and Innovation, Third Way, and Urban Institute.
